ABSTRACT
A cross-sectional, sero-epidemiological survey of the prevalence of antibodies to TORCH agents during various stages of gestation revealed an overall rate of 13-15 percent having antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii; 85-87 percent, to rubella ; 79-81 percent, to herpes simplex virus (HSV); 100 percent, to cytomegalovirus (CMV); 82-86 percent, to human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6); 1-2 percent, to hepatitis C virus (HCV). None of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody was detected, and a prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 6 percent. Although a tendency was noted towards an increase of antibody detection to each TORCH agent as gestation progressed, a statistically significant increase in antibodies titer and specific IgM antibody was found with regard to CMV. These results suggest an increase in CMV infection or reactivation during pregnancy whereas an increase in the other TORCH infections was not obvious.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Female , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Pregnancy Trimester, First/immunology , Pregnancy Trimester, Second/immunology , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/immunology , Prevalence , Rubella/diagnosis , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Thailand/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Virus Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
Previous molecular epidemiological studies show that at least 2 subtypes of HIV-1 circulate in Thailand. HIV-1 subtype B or Thai genotype B was associated with an early epidemic and was prevalent in intravenous drug users. Meanwhile, HIV-1 subtype E or Thai genotype A was becoming widespread among heterosexuals. We studied the HIV subtypes of 161 HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women. Of these, 143 pregnant patients (88.8%) tested positive for subtype E alone and 8 women (5.0%) had evidence of infection with subtype B alone. There was serologic evidence of infection with a mixture of subtypes in 7 women while the infecting subtype could not be identified in the remaining 3 women. This result agrees with previous information that subtype E predominates in Thai heterosexuals.